Blog
KEYDAL blog: what we learn in the field on hosting, domains, servers, security, software and press law; step-by-step guides and current notes.
Tailwind CSS v4: Oxide Engine, CSS-First Config and Migration Guide
What is new in Tailwind CSS v4 — Oxide engine speedups, @theme directive, container queries, CSS-first config and migrating from v3.
SoftwareTailwind CSS from Scratch: Build Modern UIs with Utility-First
Install Tailwind, learn the utility-first mindset, responsive design, dark mode, custom themes and component extraction — a complete starter guide.
SoftwareSQL Query Optimization: JOIN Strategies, Subqueries and Index Usage
Speed up slow SQL queries — read EXPLAIN output, understand JOIN types, apply index strategies, compare subqueries and CTEs with examples.
SecuritySQL Injection: How It Works and How Parameterized Queries Stop It
The mechanics of classic, blind, time-based and union-based SQL injection, plus how prepared statements and ORMs shut them down for good.
SoftwareWhat Is Software Development? Processes, Methodologies, and Tools
What software development is, which methodologies (Agile, Scrum, Waterfall) fit, and which languages and tools you need. A beginner-friendly guide.
APIREST API Security Guide: Authentication, Rate Limiting, and Best Practices
API security with JWT, OAuth2, rate limiting, input validation, CORS, and HTTPS. A practical walkthrough of the OWASP API Security Top 10.
SoftwareRedis Fundamentals: Cache, Pub/Sub, Session Store and Persistence
Redis use cases in production — cache, session store, rate limit, queue, pub/sub, persistence (RDB/AOF) and cluster architecture.
HostingPrometheus and Grafana Server Monitoring: Metric Collection Guide
Set up production-grade monitoring with Prometheus metrics, Grafana dashboards, node_exporter, Alertmanager and PromQL queries.
SoftwarePostgreSQL Performance Optimization: Indexes, EXPLAIN, and Tuning Guide
PostgreSQL query optimization with EXPLAIN ANALYZE, indexing strategies, connection pooling, and vacuum/autovacuum tuning for production workloads.
HostingPlesk Panel Management: Domains, Databases, Email and SSL
Complete Plesk guide — add domains, create databases, set up mailboxes, install Let's Encrypt SSL and harden security from A to Z.
SoftwarePlaywright End-to-End Testing: Modern Browser Automation
End-to-end testing with Playwright — selector strategies, fixtures, trace viewer, parallel testing, CI integration and a Cypress comparison.
SecurityPassword Hashing: bcrypt, argon2id and scrypt Compared
Modern password hashing — bcrypt, argon2id and scrypt compared, salt, pepper, work factor tuning and Node.js / Python implementations.
SecurityOWASP Top 10 2026: Web Application Risks and How to Prevent Them
A walkthrough of the OWASP Top 10 2026 — Broken Access Control, Injection, Cryptographic Failures, SSRF and more, with practical mitigations.
SoftwareOpenTelemetry Distributed Tracing: Microservice Observability
Distributed tracing with OpenTelemetry — spans, trace context, auto-instrumentation, Jaeger and OTLP export setup guide.
SecurityOAuth 2.0 and OIDC: Secure Auth with the Authorization Code Flow
OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect — authorization code flow, PKCE, scopes, refresh tokens and a guide to integrating social login.
SoftwareNode.js Performance: Event Loop, Memory Leaks and Clinic.js Profiling
Optimising Node.js performance — the event loop, blocking operations, memory leak detection, Clinic.js profiling and benchmarking.
SoftwareNode.js Cluster and PM2 in Production: Zero-Downtime Deploys
Cluster mode, PM2 process manager, zero-downtime reload, log management, monitoring and ecosystem.config.js — a production Node.js guide.
HostingNginx vs Apache: Which One Should You Choose and When
Compare Nginx and Apache HTTP server — architecture, performance, configuration model, .htaccess, modules and which one fits which scenario.
HostingNginx Configuration: Reverse Proxy, Cache and Rate Limiting
Practical Nginx recipes for reverse proxy, FastCGI cache, proxy_cache, limit_req, gzip, HTTP/2 and SSL — with production-ready examples.
SoftwareNext.js 15 App Router: Server Components, Streaming and Parallel Routes
Master the Next.js 15 App Router — React Server Components, streaming, Suspense, parallel and intercepting routes, server actions and modern React.
SoftwareMySQL vs PostgreSQL: Data Model, Performance and Scenario Comparison
Compare MySQL and PostgreSQL — data types, ACID, JSON support, performance, replication and which scenarios fit which database.
SEOLocal SEO: Google Business Profile, Local Keywords and Backlinks
Local SEO guide — Google Business Profile setup, local keyword research, NAP consistency, local backlinks and review strategy.
HostingLinux Server Administration Basics: SSH, Firewall, Cron, and Service Management
SSH key authentication, UFW/iptables firewall rules, systemd service management, cron scheduling, and the core Linux commands every admin should know.
HostingFree SSL with Let's Encrypt: Certbot, Auto-Renewal and Wildcard Certs
Install Let's Encrypt SSL certificates end-to-end — Certbot, auto-renewal, wildcard certificates, DNS challenge and Nginx/Apache integration.
HostingKubernetes Basics: Pods, Deployments, Services and Ingress
Kubernetes fundamentals — Pod, Deployment, Service, Ingress, ConfigMap, Secret, autoscaling and essential kubectl commands for getting started.
SecurityJWT Security Pitfalls: alg:none, Weak Secrets, JKU Attack and How to Defend
JSON Web Token security issues — alg:none, weak secrets, JKU/X5U injection, algorithm confusion and the controls that make JWT safe.
SoftwareJest Unit Testing: Mocks, Spies, Coverage and Test Driven Development
JavaScript/TypeScript unit testing with Jest — describe/it, matchers, mocks, spies, async tests, snapshots and coverage.
SecurityHTTPS and TLS 1.3: Modern Web Encryption and Performance
HTTPS and TLS 1.3 — handshake tuning, cipher suite selection, HSTS, OCSP stapling, an SSL Labs A+ score and performance.
SEOHow Search Engines Work and How to Do SEO: A Complete Guide
What a search engine is, how Google crawls and ranks pages, how to run SEO analysis, and how keyword research really works.
APIGraphQL vs REST: Which API Style Should You Pick and When
Compare GraphQL and REST — query/mutation, the N+1 problem, caching, subscriptions, over-fetching and which scenario each one fits.
SoftwareGitHub Actions CI/CD: Node.js Workflows, Deploys and Docker Builds
Write GitHub Actions workflows — Node.js tests, Docker builds, SSH deploys, secret management and matrix strategy for a complete CI/CD pipeline.
HostingProtecting SSH from Brute Force with Fail2ban: Install and Configure Jails
Install Fail2ban, configure the SSH jail, write custom jails, tune ban times and monitor logs — a practical Linux server security guide.
SoftwareExpress.js Middleware Pattern: Authentication, Logging and Error Handling
The Express middleware architecture — authentication, authorization, logging, error handling and writing your own, with production-grade Node.js examp
HostingEssential Linux Server Commands Every Administrator Should Know
The most-used commands in Linux server administration: file operations, system and resource monitoring, networking.
HostingElastic Stack (ELK): Log Analysis with Elasticsearch, Logstash and Kibana
Centralized log management with the ELK Stack — Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana and Filebeat setup, index management and log search.
SEOE-commerce SEO: Product Pages, Schema Markup and Category Strategy
E-commerce SEO guide — product page optimization, Product schema, category pages, faceted navigation, canonical URLs and managing duplicate content.
HostingWhat Is a Domain? Domain Registration, WHOIS Lookup, and TLD Guide
What a domain name is, how to buy one, how to run a WHOIS lookup, and the differences between .com, .net, .org, and country-code TLDs. A complete guid
HostingDocker Compose: Multi-Service Architecture and Production Deployment
Build multi-container apps with Docker Compose — web, DB, cache and reverse proxy services, network and volume management, production best practices.
SEOWhat Is Digital Marketing? Channels, Strategies, and a Beginner Guide
What digital marketing is, which channels (SEO, Google Ads, Meta Ads, email) to use, and how to build a strategy. A practical guide for SMBs.
HostingDeploying Applications with Docker: From Scratch to Production
Dockerfile authoring, multi-stage builds, docker-compose, container networking, volume management, and production deployment best practices.
SecurityMulti-Layer DDoS Protection with Cloudflare and Nginx
DDoS attack types (L3/L4/L7), Cloudflare WAF, Nginx rate limiting, Fail2ban and application-level defences — the full stack.
SoftwareDatabase Backup Strategies: Full, Incremental, PITR and the 3-2-1 Rule
Design a production backup plan — full vs incremental, Point-in-Time Recovery, the 3-2-1 rule and practical examples for MySQL and PostgreSQL.
SEOPage Speed and Core Web Vitals 2026: Optimizing LCP, INP, and CLS
A practical guide to Google Core Web Vitals: LCP, INP, and CLS. Improve Lighthouse scores with lazy loading, font optimization, and CDN delivery.
APIAPI Rate Limiting: Token Bucket, Sliding Window and Redis Implementation
API rate limiting algorithms — fixed window, sliding window, token bucket, leaky bucket and distributed implementation with Redis.
HostingAnsible Server Automation: Playbooks, Roles and Inventory
Agentless server management with Ansible — playbooks, roles, inventory, vault, idempotent tasks and a full setup-automation guide.
SoftwareAdvanced TypeScript: Generics, Utility Types and Conditional Types
Advanced TypeScript — generics, utility types (Partial, Pick, Omit, Record), conditional types, infer, template literal types and mapped types.
SoftwareAdvanced Git: Rebase, Cherry-pick, Bisect, and Stash in Practice
Rebase vs merge, interactive rebase, cherry-pick, bug hunting with bisect, stash management, and recovery with reflog. Advanced Git workflow guide.
HostingConnecting to a Server with SSH: Key-Based Authentication
What is SSH and how do you connect to a server? Connecting with a password and an SSH key, secure configuration and fixing common SSH errors.
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